Physical, Rheological, and Permanent Deformation Behaviors of WMA-RAP Asphalt Binders

With the rapid global expansion of road networks, asphalt industry faces several environmental challenges, such as material shortages, concerns, escalating costs, demand for eco-friendly materials, and implementation “Net Zero” policies. Given these challenges recognizing need to explore new solutions, this research evaluated binder samples incorporating Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) Reclaimed Pavement (RAP), or WMA-RAP. The assessment focused on analyzing physical, rheological, permanent deformation characteristics WMA-RAP containing 20%, 35%, 50% recycled pavement. study utilized a chemical surfactant-type WMA additive, Evotherm® P25. findings showed that combination resulted in increased stiffness ranging from 247% 380% reduced phase angle 16% 26% with an increasing RAP content 20% at Tref 20 °C 10 Hz. Furthermore, penetration decreased 47%, softening point 7% 17%. An improvement 2 PGHs was observed by adding 35% RAP. Additionally, up presented more elevated resistance, supporting traffic levels 64V 70H. binders allow mixture production lower temperatures—an amount 30 less—conserving energy decreasing aggregate materials thus minimizing impact.